Advancing Environmental Sustainability and Consumption Security through Wastewater Reuse in Arid Regions

Abstract

Water scarcity and food insecurity are critical challenges, particularly in arid regions like Saudi Arabia, where freshwater resources are limited. Recycled wastewater presents a sustainable solution, providing an alternative water source for agriculture, industry, and potable water production. This literature review examines the role of recycled wastewater in addressing water management and food security globally, with a focus on Saudi Arabia. It explores current practices, technological advancements, and regulatory frameworks in wastewater recycling, including membrane filtration and advanced oxidation processes. The review also discusses how these innovations can be adapted to Saudi Arabia’s context to improve water security and food production. Despite its potential, the widespread adoption of wastewater recycling faces barriers, such as public perception, regulatory hurdles, and technological limitations. It will take a combination of public involvement, policy changes, and innovation to overcome these obstacles. The assessment emphasizes how reusing wastewater may help society, the economy, and the environment by lowering dependency on conventional water supplies and encouraging sustainable farming methods. In the end, incorporating recycled wastewater into Saudi Arabia's national water policy can act as a template for other water-scarce areas, promoting long-term food security and resilience while furthering international water sustainability objectives.

Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Ecosystems; Consumption Security; Water management